O modelo de colaboração 3C no ambiente AulaNet

O trabalho intelectualizado cada vez mais exigido na sociedade conectada demanda novas habilidades dos trabalhadores, que devem estar aptos a aprender continuamente e a trabalhar em grupo. Tendo em vista estas necessidades, o ambiente de aprendizagem AulaNet valoriza uma abordagem colaborativa. Neste artigo È apresentado o modelo de colaboraÁ„ o 3C que norteou e foi refinado a partir do desenvolvimento do AulaNet. Seus trÍs principais conceitos ñ comunicaÁ„o, coordenaÁ„o e cooperaÁ„o ñ s„o explorados a partir dos serviÁos disponÌveis no ambiente e exemplificados pela din‚mica de um curso on-line

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Background: Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. // Methods: We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung's disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. // Findings: We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung's disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middle-income countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in low-income countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. // Interpretation: Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Um sistema interativo de animação no contexto ProSIm

Orientador: Leo Pini MagalhãesDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de ComputaçãoResumo: A produção de uma animação por computador sem a presença de um especialista em programação requer um sistema que apresente facilidades tanto na criação da mesma quanto na comunicação animador-computador. O objetivo deste trabalho é a reformulação do TOOKIMA (TOOl Kit for scripting computer Modeled Animation), um conjunto de ferramentas cinemáticas para a descrição algorítmica de animações modeladas por computador, de modo a tomá-Io um sistema interativo para a criação de animações. O trabalho pode ser dividido em duas etapas distintas. Na primeira etapa, é desenvolvida uma nova linguagem para o roteiro de animação. Essa nova linguagem tem como objetivo permitir a criação de roteiros com um nível mais alto de comandos (que se aproximem mais daqueles desenvolvidos pelos animadores profissionais). Isso elimina a necessidade do conhecimento, por parte do animador, de comandos de baixo nível da linguagem do TOOKIMA, que é uma extensão da linguagem C. A segunda etapa do trabalho é a implementação de uma interface gráfica, que permite a construção interativa de um roteiro de animação, utilizando a linguagem desenvolvida. Dessa maneira, o sistema pretende atingir três tipos de usuários: o usuário leigo em programação (que utilizará a interface), o usuário experiente (que utilizará a interface, mas terá conhecimento da linguagem de roteiros) e o usuário "especialista" (que conhecerá a linguagem do TOOKIMA e a linguagem C, podendo dispor da maior flexibilidade que uma linguagem de mais baixo nível permite)Abstract: The production of a compute r animation without the presence of a programmer requires a system that facilitates that production and the communication between the animator and the computer. The objective of this work is to improve the TOOKIMA (TOOl Kit for scripting computer Modeled Animation), a kinematic toolkit for the algorithmic description of computer modeled animations, in order to transform it in an interactive system for the production of animations. This work can be divided in two phases. In the first phase, a new scripting language for the animations is developed. This new language allows the creation of scripts with high leveI commands (closer to that used by professional animators). This avoids the necessity of the animator to know the down level commands of the language of the TOOKIMA, which is an extension of C. The second phase of the work is the implementation of a graphical interface that allows the interactive construction of the scripts, written in the developed language. In this way, the system can be used by three kinds of users: the nonprogrammer user (who will use the interface), the experienced user (who will also use the interface, but will know the scripting language) and the expert (who will know the language of the TOOKIMA and C)MestradoEngenharia de ComputaçãoMestre em Engenharia Elétric

Coordenação em ambientes colaborativos usando redes de Petri

Orientadores : Leo Pini Magalhães, Ivan Luiz Marques RicarteTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de ComputaçãoResumo: A coordenação das interdependências entre atividades colaborativas é uma tarefa complexa, de difícil modelagem computacional. Este trabalho define uma série de interdependências que ocorrem freqüentemente entre tarefas colaborativas e apresenta um conjunto de mecanismos de coordenação para a especificação e controle da interação entre essas tarefas. Estes mecanismos são genéricos e podem ser reutilizados em uma série de ambientes colaborativos, tais como workflows interorganizacionais e ambientes virtuais colaborativos. A separação entre atividades (tarefas) e dependências (controladas pelos mecanismos de coordenação) permite o uso de diferentes políticas de coordenação em um mesmo ambiente colaborativo, sendo necessário apenas trocar os mecanismos de coordenação. Os mecanismos são modelados por redes de Petri, que oferecem um suporte matemático para análise e simulação do comportamento do ambiente colaborativo. Com o modelo baseado em redes de Petri, é possível prever e testar o comportamento de um ambiente de suporte ao trabalho colaborativo antes mesmo de sua implementaçãoAbstract: The coordination of interdependencies among activities in collaborative environments is a very important and difficult task. This work defines a group of interdependencies that frequently occurs among collaborative tasks and presents a set of coordination mechanisms for the specification and control of interaction among these tasks. These mechanisms are generic and can be reused in several collaborative environments, such as interorganizational workflows and collaborative virtual environments. The separation between activities (tasks) and dependencies (controlled by the coordination mechanisms) allows the use of different coordination policies in the same collaborative environment by changing the coordination mechanisms. These mechanisms are modeled using Petri nets, which have a strong theoretical support for analysis and simulation of the collaborative environment's behavior. Using the Petri nets based model, it is possible to anticipate and test the behavior of a computer supported collaborative system even before its implementationDoutoradoEngenharia de ComputaçãoDoutor em Engenharia Elétric

Building Interactive Animations using VRML and Java

This paper exploits the combination of VRML (Virtual Reality Modeling Language) and Java for the construction of highly interactive animations, whose behavior is defined in real-time by user&apos;s actions

Development and Validation of LiDAR Sensor Simulators Based on Parallel Raycasting

Three-dimensional (3D) imaging technologies have been increasingly explored in academia and the industrial sector, especially the ones yielding point clouds. However, obtaining these data can still be expensive and time-consuming, reducing the efficiency of procedures dependent on large datasets, such as the generation of data for machine learning training, forest canopy calculation, and subsea survey. A trending solution is developing simulators for imaging systems, performing the virtual scanning of the digital world, and generating synthetic point clouds from the targets. This work presents a guideline for the development of modular Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) system simulators based on parallel raycasting algorithms, with its sensor modeled by metrological parameters and error models. A procedure for calibrating the sensor is also presented, based on comparing with the measurements made by a commercial LiDAR sensor. The sensor simulator developed as a case study resulted in a robust generation of synthetic point clouds in different scenarios, enabling the creation of datasets for use in concept tests, combining real and virtual data, among other applications

A Virtual Touch Interaction Device for Immersive Applications

International audienceTraditional interaction devices such as computer mice and keyboards do not adapt very well to immersive envi-ronments, since they were not necessarily designed for users who may be standing or in movement. Moreover, in the current inte-raction model for immersive environments, based on wands and 3D mice, a change of context is necessary in order to execute non-immersive tasks. These constant context changes from im-mersive to 2D desktops introduce a rupture in user interaction with the application. The objective of this work is to study how to adapt interaction techniques from touch surface based systems to 3D virtual environments to reduce this physical rupture from the fully immersive mode to the desktop paradigm. In order to do this, a wireless glove (v-Glove) that maps to a touch interface in a vir-tual reality immersive environment was developed, enabling it to interact in 3D applications. The glove has two main functionalities: tracking the position of the user’s index finger and vibrating the fingertip when it reaches an area mapped in the interaction space to simulate a touch feeling. Quantitative and qualitative analysis were performed with users to evaluate the v-Glove, comparing it with a gyroscopic 3D mouse

Working with Remote VRML Scenes through Low-Bandwidth Connections

We have developed a Web-based application to accelerate the visualization of VRML scenes located in a remote server. This application enables the user to extract only the parts of a scene that are of actual interest. The extracted parts represent one or more sub-trees of the hierarchical structure of the VRML scene, and only these parts will be rendered and visualized in the local computer. By reducing the complexity (size) of the remote scene, less data are transmitted from the remote server and the rendering process becomes faster in the local computer. The application is written in Java and is executed as an applet embedded in an HTML page